Preposition In, On, At

Definition
A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method. A preposition can have many usage.

Here are some preposition and some of their usages:

• Preposition In: use 'in' with periods of times and places

Examples:
-month: in March
-season: in winter
-country: in Indonesia
-city or town names: in Palangka Raya
-times of the day: in the morning

• Preposition On: use 'on' with specific days.

Example:
on Saturday, on New Year's Day, on March 20, on the weekend

• Preposition At: use 'at' with specific time and place

Example:
at school, at 7 O'clock, at night

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used:

• when we want to shift the importance

Example:
Ariel gave Luna flowers
Luna was given flowers by Ariel

• when we don't know who did it or it is not important who did it

Example:
The murderer was finally arrested

• to make the information sound more formal

Example:
Action must be taken immediately

To change a sentences from active into passive:
1. The object becomes the subject in the passive voice
2. The tense remains the same tense, but it is moved from the main verb to the verb 'be'
3. The verb is in past participel

Examples:

* Simple Present

ACTIVE (A) : George helps Bella

PASSIVE (P) : Bella is helped by George

* Present Continuous

A : George is helping Bella

P : Bella is being helped by George

* Present Perfect

A : George has helped Bella

P : Bella has been helped by George

* Simple Past

A : George helped Bella

P : Bella was helped by George

* Past Continuous

A : George was helping Bella

P : Bella was being helped by George

* Past Perfect

A : George had helped Bella

P : Bella had been helped by George

* Simple Future

A : George will help Bella

P : Bella will be helped by George

* Be going to

A : George is going to help Bella

P : Bella is going to be helped by George

* Future Perfect

A : George will have helped Bella

P : Bella will have been helped by George

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBER OR NOT

There are many expression

Formal Expression:

• I wonder if you remember.....
• You remember...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
• Don’t you remember.....?
• you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:

• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:

• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:

• Hold on. Yes, got it!
• I know.....
• It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m affraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him
• Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

OFFERING

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Example:

Ratna : Would you like a juice, Brenda?

Brenda : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this juice tastes good

Ratna : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.

Expression of offering:

Ways to say it

* Would you like a cup of tea, Carol?

* Should I get you a bottle of water?

* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Veronika?

* Would you care some salad?

Offering to friends:

* Want some?

* Have some?

* Chocolate?

* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:

* Would you like to have a pancake?

* Why don't you have some lemonade?

* What can I get for you?

* What will you have?Declining an offering

* No, thanks

.* No, really won't, thanks

* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:

* Thank you.

* Yes, please

* I'd like it very much

* That would be very nice

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Definition
Simple Future Tense is used to describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.

The Formula:

1. Will

(+) S + shall/will + Verb I
(-) S + shall/will + not + Verb I
(?) Shall/will + S + Verb I?

2. Going to

(+) S + be + going to + Verb I
(-) S + be + not + goimg to + Verb I
(?) be + S + going to + Verb I?

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

• No Plan: we use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking.
  

Example:

1. Hold on. I'll get a pen.
2. We will see what we can do to help you.
3. Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight
4. I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
5. I think I will have a holiday next year.
6. I don't think I'll buy that car.

• Prediction: we often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen.
  

Example:

1. It will rain tomorrow.
2. People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
3. Who do you think will get the job?

Note:
That when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to.

Time signal:

1. Tomorrow…

• Morning
• Afternoon
• Evening
• Night

2. Next…

• Time
• Week
• Month
• Year
• January

3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by

NOUN PHRASE

Definition

The noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.

Example:

• My coach is happy.
• I like the cars over there.
• The woman who lives there is my aunt.
• Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
• I consider Meong my favorite cat.
• Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
• To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal.
• Two of my guests have arrived.
• Mr. Jones spoke to Dr. James.
• My friend works with her father.
• Alex is a smart tall white boy.
  
• It's a beautiful red car.
• Mr. Aldy has just bought an expensive large house.

FINITE VERBS

Definition

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A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.

Some Types Tense:

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

Identify the finite verbs in a sentence:

1. Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past:cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated.
   


2. Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates.
   


3. Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.


4. Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.


5. Finite verbs surround their subjects when some forms of a question are asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate?